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<TITLE>sane-scsi.5</TITLE>
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<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000><H1 ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="/images/sane.png" HEIGHT=117 WIDTH=346></H1>
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<H1>sane-scsi.5</H1>
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<PRE>
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<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
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<B><A HREF="sane-scsi.5.html">sane-scsi(5)</A></B> SANE Scanner Access Now Easy <B><A HREF="sane-scsi.5.html">sane-scsi(5)</A></B>
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</PRE>
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<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
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sane-scsi - SCSI adapter tips for scanners
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</PRE>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
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This manual page contains various operating-system specific tips and
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tricks on how to get scanners with a SCSI interface working.
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</PRE>
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<H2>GENERAL INFO</H2><PRE>
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For scanners with a SCSI interface, it may be necessary to edit the
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appropriate backend configuration file before using SANE for the first
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time. For most systems, the configuration file should list the name of
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the generic SCSI device that the scanner is connected to (e.g., under
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Linux, <I>/dev/sg4</I> or <I>/dev/sge</I> is such a generic SCSI device). It is cus-
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tomary to create a symlink from <I>/dev/scanner</I> to the generic SCSI device
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that the scanner is connected to. In this case, the configuration file
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simply lists the line <I>/dev/scanner</I>. For a detailed description of each
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backend's configuration file, please refer to the relevant backend man-
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ual page (e.g., <B><A HREF="sane-epson.5.html">sane-epson(5)</A></B> for Epson scanners, <B><A HREF="sane-hp.5.html">sane-hp(5)</A></B> for HP
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scanners, etc.).
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For some operating systems (e.g. Linux and OS/2), there is an alternate
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way of specifying scanner devices. This alternate way allows one to
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identify scanners by the SCSI vendor and model string and/or by the
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SCSI device address (consisting of bus number, channel number, id, and
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logical unit number). The syntax for specifying a scanner in this way
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is:
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scsi <I>VENDOR</I> <I>MODEL</I> <I>TYPE</I> <I>BUS</I> <I>CHANNEL</I> <I>ID</I> <I>LUN</I>
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where <I>VENDOR</I> is the SCSI vendor string, <I>MODEL</I> is the SCSI model string,
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<I>TYPE</I> is type SCSI device type string, <I>BUS</I> is the SCSI bus number (named
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"host" in <I>/proc/scsi/scsi</I>), <I>CHANNEL</I> is the SCSI channel number, <I>ID</I> is
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the SCSI id, and <I>LUN</I> is the logical unit number of the scanner device.
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The first two fields are strings which must be enclosed in double-
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quotes if they contain any whitespace. The remaining four fields are
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non-negative integer numbers. The correct values for these fields can
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be found by using operating system specific tools, e.g. for Linux by
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looking at the output of the command <I>cat</I> <I>/proc/scsi/scsi</I>. To simplify
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configuration, a field's value can be replaced with an asterisk symbol
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(``*''). An asterisk has the effect that any value is allowed for that
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particular field. This can have the effect that a single scsi-line
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matches multiple devices. When this happens, each matching device will
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be probed by the backend one by one and registered if the backend
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thinks it is a compatible device. For example, the line
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scsi MUSTEK MFS-06000CX Scanner 0 00 03 00
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would attach the Mustek SCSI scanner with the following /proc/scsi/scsi
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entry:
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Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 03 Lun: 00
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Vendor: MUSTEK Model: MFS-06000CX Rev: 4.04
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Type: Scanner ANSI SCSI revision: 0
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Usually it's sufficient to use vendor and model strings only or even
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only the vendor string. The following example
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scsi MUSTEK * * * * * *
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would have the effect that all SCSI devices in the system with a vendor
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string of MUSTEK would be probed and recognized by the backend.
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If the remainder of a scsi-string consists of asterisks only, the
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asterisks can be omitted. For example, the following line is equiva-
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lent to the one specified previously:
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scsi MUSTEK
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On some platforms (e.g., OpenStep), SANE device names take a special
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form. This is explained below in the relevant platform-specific sec-
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tion.
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When using a SCSI scanner, ensure that the access permission for the
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generic SCSI device is set appropriately. We recommend to add a group
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"scanner" to <I>/etc/group</I> which contains all users that should have
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access to the scanner. The permission of the device should then be set
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to allow group read and write access. For example, if the scanner is
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at generic SCSI device <I>/dev/sg0</I>, then the following two commands would
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set the permission correctly:
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$ chgrp scanner /dev/sg0
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$ chmod 660 /dev/sg0
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When your system uses the device filesystem (devfs), you have to edit
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<I>/etc/devfs/perms.</I> There you should search the line
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REGISTER ^sg[^/]* PERMISSIONS root.root 0600
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and add a new line (eg. for changing permissions of sg4):
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REGISTER ^sg4 PERMISSIONS root.scanner 0660
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</PRE>
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<H2>FREEBSD INFO</H2><PRE>
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Auto-configuration using the "scsi *" lines in the config files only
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works if the user running the frontend has read/write access to
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<I>/dev/xpt0</I>. Instead, you can also set a link <I>/dev/scanner</I> to the appro-
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priate <I>/dev/uk</I> device.
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Adaptec AHA1542CF
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Reported to work fine under FreeBSD 2.2.2R with the <B>aha</B>
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driver.
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Adaptec 2940
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Reported to work fine under FreeBSD 2.2.2.
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Adaptec 1522
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The scanner probes ok but any attempt to access it <I>hangs</I>
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the entire system. It looks like something is disabling
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interrupts and then not re-enabling them, so it looks
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like a bug in the FreeBSD <B>aic</B> driver.
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Adaptec 1505
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Works on FreeBSD 2.2.5R and 3.0 using the <B>aic</B> driver,
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provided that Plug-and-Play support is disabled on the
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card. If there are no <I>uk</I> devices, just do a <I>sh</I> <I>MAKEDEV</I>
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<I>uk0</I> in the <I>/dev</I> directory. The scanner should then be
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accessible as <I>/dev/uk0</I> if it was probed during boot.
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Tekram DC390
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Reported to work fine under FreeBSD 2.2.2R with the <B>amd</B>
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driver.
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</PRE>
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<H2>LINUX INFO</H2><PRE>
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First, make sure your kernel has SCSI generic support enabled. In <I>make</I>
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<I>xconfig</I>, this shows up under ``SCSI support->SCSI generic support''.
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To keep scanning times to a minimum, it is strongly recommended to use
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a large buffer size for the generic SCSI driver. From SG driver version
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2.0 on, the maximum buffer size can be changed at program run time, and
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there is no restriction in size. This driver version is part of the
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Linux kernels from version 2.2.7 on. If the new SG driver is available
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some backends (e.g. <B><A HREF="sane-umax.5.html">sane-umax(5)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="sane-mustek.5.html">sane-mustek(5)</A></B><B>,</B> <B><A HREF="sane-sharp.5.html">sane-sharp(5)</A></B>) auto-
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matically request larger SCSI buffers. If a backend does not automati-
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cally request a larger SCSI buffer, set the environment variable
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<B>SANE_SG_BUFFERSIZE</B> to the desired buffer size in bytes. It is not rec-
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ommended to use more than 1 MB, because for large values the probabil-
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ity increases that the SG driver cannot allocate the necessary buf-
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fer(s). For ISA cards, even 1 MB might be a too large value. For a
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detailed discussion of memory issues of the SG driver, see
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<I>http://www.torque.net/sg.</I>
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For Linux kernels before version 2.2.7 the size of the buffer is only
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32KB. This works, but for many cheaper scanners this causes scanning
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to be slower by about a factor of four than when using a size of 127KB.
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Linux defines the size of this buffer by macro <B>SG_BIG_BUFF</B> in header
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file <I>/usr/include/scsi/sg.h</I>. Unless a system is seriously short on
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memory, it is recommended to increase this value to the maximum legal
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value of 128*1024-512=130560 bytes. After changing this value, it is
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necessary to recompile both the kernel (or the SCSI generic module) and
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the SCSI backends. Keep in mind that this is only necessary with older
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Linux kernels.
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A common issue with SCSI scanners is what to do when you booted the
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system while the scanner was turned off. In such a case, the scanner
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won't be recognized by the kernel and SANE won't be able to access it.
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Fortunately, Linux provides a simple mechanism to probe a SCSI device
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on demand. Suppose you have a scanner connected to SCSI bus 2 and the
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scanner has a SCSI id of 5. When the system is up and running and the
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scanner is turned on, you can issue the command:
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echo "scsi add-single-device 2 0 5 0" > /proc/scsi/scsi
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and the kernel will probe and recognize your scanner (this needs to be
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done as root). It's also possible to dynamically remove a SCSI device
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by using the ``remove-single-device'' command. For details, please
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refer to to the SCSI-2.4-HOWTO.
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Scanners are known to work with the following SCSI adapters under
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Linux. This list isn't complete, usually any SCSI adapter supported by
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Linux should work.
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Acard/Advance SCSI adapters
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Some old versions of the kernel driver (<I>atp870u.c</I>) cut
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the inquiry information. Therefore the scanner couldn't
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be detected correctly. Use a current kernel.
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Adaptec AHA-1505/AHA-1542/AHA-2940
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Reported to work fine with Linux since v2.0. If you
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encounter kernel freezes or other unexpected behaviour
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get the latest Linux kernel (2.2.17 seems to work) or
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reduce SCSI buffer size to 32 kB.
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ASUS SC200
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Reported to work fine with Linux v2.0.
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BusLogic BT958
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To configure the BusLogic card, you may need to follow
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these instructions (contributed by Jeremy
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<jeremy@xxedgexx.com>): During boot, when your BusLogic
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adapter is being initialized, press Ctrl-B to enter your
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BusLogic adapter setup. Choose the address which your
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BusLogic containing your scanner is located. Choose
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``SCSI Device Configuration''. Choose ``Scan SCSI Bus''.
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Choose whatever SCSI id that contains your scanner and
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then choose ``View/Modify SCSI configuration''. Change
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``Negotiation'' to ``async'' and change ``Disconnect'' to
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``off''. Press Esc, save, and Esc again until you are
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asked to reboot.
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NCR/Symbios 53c400/53c400a or Domex DTC3181E/L/LE (DTCT436/436P)
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ISA SCSI card
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This card is supplied by Mustek (and other vendors). It's
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supported since Linux 2.2. The SCSI cards are supported
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by the module g_NCR5380. It's necessary to tell the ker-
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nel the io port and type of card. Example for a 53c400a:
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<I>modprobe</I> <I>g</I><B>_</B><I>NCR5380</I> <I>ncr</I><B>_</B><I>addr=0x280</I> <I>ncr</I><B>_</B><I>53c400a=1</I> <I>.</I> Once
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the kernel detects the card, it should work all right.
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However, while it should work, do not expect good perfor-
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mance out of this card---it has no interrupt line and
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therefore while a scan is in progress, the system becomes
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almost unusable. You may change the values of the USLEEP
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macros in <I>drivers/scsi/g</I><B>_</B><I>NCR5380.c</I>. Some documentation
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is in this file and <I>NCR5380.c</I>.
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NCR/Symbios 810
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For some scanners it may be necessary to disable discon-
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nect/reconnect. To achieve this use the option
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ncr53c8xx="disc:n". Some people reported that their scan-
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ner only worked with the 53c7,8xx driver, not the
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ncr53c8xx. Try both if you have trouble.
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For Linux kernels before 2.0.33 it may be necessary to
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increase the SCSI timeout. The default timeout for the
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Linux kernels before 2.0.33 is 10 seconds, which is way
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too low when scanning large area. If you get messages of
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the form ``restart (ncr dead ?)'' in your <I>/var/log/mes-</I>
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<I>sages</I> file or on the system console, it's an indication
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that the timeout is too short. In this case, find the
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line ``if (np->latetime>10)'' in file <I>ncr53c8xx.</I> (nor-
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mally in directory <I>/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi</I>) and
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change the constant 10 to, say, 60 (one minute). Then
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rebuild the kernel/module and try again.
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Tekram DC315
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The driver can be downloaded from
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<I>http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/dc395/</I>. For some older
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scanners it may be necessary to disable all the more
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advanced features by using e.g. <I>modprobe</I> <I>dc395x</I><B>_</B><I>trm</I>
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<I>dc395x</I><B>_</B><I>trm=7,5,1,32</I>.
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Tekram DC390
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Version 1.11 of the Tekram driver seems to work fine
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mostly, except that the scan does not terminate properly
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(it causes a SCSI timeout after 10 minutes). The generic
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AM53C974 also seems to work fine and does not suffer from
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the timeout problems.
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</PRE>
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<H2>SOLARIS, OPENSTEP AND NEXTSTEP INFO</H2><PRE>
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Under Solaris, OpenStep and NeXTStep, the generic SCSI device name
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refers to a SCSI bus, not to an individual device. For example,
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<I>/dev/sg0</I> refers to the first SCSI bus. To tell SANE which device to
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use, append the character 'a'+target-id to the special device name.
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For example, the SCSI device connected to the first SCSI controller and
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with target-id 0 would be called <I>/dev/sg0a</I>, and the device with target-
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id 1 on that same bus would be called <I>/dev/sg0b,</I> and so on.
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</PRE>
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<H2>ENVIRONMENT</H2><PRE>
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<B>SANE_DEBUG_SANEI_SCSI</B>
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If the library was compiled with debug support enabled, this
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environment variable controls the debug level for the generic
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SCSI I/O subsystem. E.g., a value of 128 requests all debug
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output to be printed by the backend. A value of 255 also prints
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kernel messages from the SCSI subsystem (where available).
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Smaller levels reduce verbosity.
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<B>SANE_SCSICMD_TIMEOUT</B>
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sets the timeout value for SCSI commands in seconds. Overriding
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the default value of 120 seconds should only be necessary for
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very slow scanners.
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</PRE>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
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<B><A HREF="sane.7.html">sane(7)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="sane-find-scanner.1.html">sane-find-scanner(1)</A></B>, <B>sane-"backendname"</B>(5), <B><A HREF="sane-usb.5.html">sane-usb(5)</A></B>
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</PRE>
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<H2>AUTHOR</H2><PRE>
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David Mosberger
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14 Jul 2008 <B><A HREF="sane-scsi.5.html">sane-scsi(5)</A></B>
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</PRE>
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