kopia lustrzana https://github.com/markqvist/reticulum
653 wiersze
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
653 wiersze
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _using-main:
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******************************
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Using Reticulum on Your System
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******************************
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Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
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of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module,
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containing the networking core, and a set of utility and daemon programs.
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This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It
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is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to, and install on new systems.
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When you have Reticulum installed, any program or application that uses Reticulum
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will automatically load and initialise Reticulum when it starts, if it is not
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already running.
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In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
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Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
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program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another
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program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the already
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running instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running
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concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there
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are other options.
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Configuration & Data
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--------------------
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Reticulum stores all information that it needs to function in a single file-system
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directory. When Reticulum is started, it will look for a valid configuration
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directory in the following places:
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- ``/etc/reticulum``
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- ``~/.config/reticulum``
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- ``~/.reticulum``
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If no existing configuration directory is found, the directory ``~/.reticulum``
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is created, and the default configuration will be automatically created here.
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You can move it to one of the other locations if you wish.
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It is also possible to use completely arbitrary configuration directories by
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specifying the relevant command-line parameters when running Reticulum-based
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programs. You can also run multiple separate Reticulum instances on the same
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physical system, either in isolation from each other, or connected together.
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In most cases, a single physical system will only need to run one Reticulum
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instance. This can either be launched at boot, as a system service, or simply
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be brought up when a program needs it. In either case, any number of programs
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running on the same system will automatically share the same Reticulum instance,
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if the configuration allows for it, which it does by default.
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The entire configuration of Reticulum is found in the ``~/.reticulum/config``
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file. When Reticulum is first started on a new system, a basic, but fully functional
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configuration file is created. The default configuration looks like this:
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.. code::
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# This is the default Reticulum config file.
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# You should probably edit it to include any additional,
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# interfaces and settings you might need.
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# Only the most basic options are included in this default
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# configuration. To see a more verbose, and much longer,
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# configuration example, you can run the command:
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# rnsd --exampleconfig
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[reticulum]
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# If you enable Transport, your system will route traffic
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# for other peers, pass announces and serve path requests.
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# This should only be done for systems that are suited to
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# act as transport nodes, ie. if they are stationary and
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# always-on. This directive is optional and can be removed
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# for brevity.
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enable_transport = False
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# By default, the first program to launch the Reticulum
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# Network Stack will create a shared instance, that other
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# programs can communicate with. Only the shared instance
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# opens all the configured interfaces directly, and other
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# local programs communicate with the shared instance over
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# a local socket. This is completely transparent to the
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# user, and should generally be turned on. This directive
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# is optional and can be removed for brevity.
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share_instance = Yes
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# If you want to run multiple *different* shared instances
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# on the same system, you will need to specify different
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# shared instance ports for each. The defaults are given
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# below, and again, these options can be left out if you
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# don't need them.
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shared_instance_port = 37428
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instance_control_port = 37429
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# You can configure Reticulum to panic and forcibly close
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# if an unrecoverable interface error occurs, such as the
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# hardware device for an interface disappearing. This is
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# an optional directive, and can be left out for brevity.
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# This behaviour is disabled by default.
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panic_on_interface_error = No
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[logging]
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# Valid log levels are 0 through 7:
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# 0: Log only critical information
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# 1: Log errors and lower log levels
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# 2: Log warnings and lower log levels
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# 3: Log notices and lower log levels
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# 4: Log info and lower (this is the default)
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# 5: Verbose logging
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# 6: Debug logging
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# 7: Extreme logging
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loglevel = 4
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# The interfaces section defines the physical and virtual
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# interfaces Reticulum will use to communicate on. This
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# section will contain examples for a variety of interface
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# types. You can modify these or use them as a basis for
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# your own config, or simply remove the unused ones.
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[interfaces]
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# This interface enables communication with other
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# link-local Reticulum nodes over UDP. It does not
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# need any functional IP infrastructure like routers
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# or DHCP servers, but will require that at least link-
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# local IPv6 is enabled in your operating system, which
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# should be enabled by default in almost any OS. See
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# the Reticulum Manual for more configuration options.
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[[Default Interface]]
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type = AutoInterface
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interface_enabled = True
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If Reticulum infrastructure already exists locally, you probably don't need to
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change anything, and you may already be connected to a wider network. If not,
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you will probably need to add relevant *interfaces* to the configuration, in
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order to communicate with other systems.
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You can generate a much more verbose configuration example by running the command:
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``rnsd --exampleconfig``
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The output includes examples for most interface types supported
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by Reticulum, along with additional options and configuration parameters.
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It is a good idea to read the comments and explanations in the above default config.
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It will teach you the basic concepts you need to understand to configure your network.
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Once you have done that, take a look at the :ref:`Interfaces<interfaces-main>` chapter
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of this manual.
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Included Utility Programs
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-------------------------
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Reticulum includes a range of useful utilities, both for managing your Reticulum
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networks, and for carrying out common tasks over Reticulum networks, such as
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transferring files to remote systems, and executing commands and programs remotely.
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If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
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Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
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a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
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other programs, applications and services can utilise.
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The rnsd Utility
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================
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It is very easy to run Reticulum as a service. Simply run the included ``rnsd`` command.
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When ``rnsd`` is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
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it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
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Reticulum network it is configured for.
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You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
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the same system.
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.. code:: text
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# Install Reticulum
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pip3 install rns
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# Run rnsd
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rnsd
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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You can easily add ``rnsd`` as an always-on service by :ref:`configuring a service<using-systemd>`.
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The rnstatus Utility
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====================
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Using the ``rnstatus`` utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
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interfaces, similar to the ``ifconfig`` program.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnstatus
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rnstatus
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# Example output
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Shared Instance[37428]
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Status : Up
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Serving : 1 program
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Rate : 1.00 Gbps
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Traffic : 83.13 KB↑
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86.10 KB↓
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AutoInterface[Local]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Full
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Rate : 10.00 Mbps
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Peers : 1 reachable
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Traffic : 63.23 KB↑
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80.17 KB↓
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TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Dublin/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Full
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Rate : 10.00 Mbps
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Traffic : 187.27 KB↑
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74.17 KB↓
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RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Access Point
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Rate : 1.30 kbps
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Access : 64-bit IFAC by <…e702c42ba8>
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Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
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9.23 KB↓
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Reticulum Transport Instance <5245a8efe1788c6a1cd36144a270e13b> running
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-v]
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Reticulum Network Stack Status
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-a, --all show all interfaces
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-v, --verbose
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The rnid Utility
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====================
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With the ``rnid`` utility, you can generate, manage and view Reticulum Identities.
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The program can also calculate Destination hashes, and perform encryption and
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decryption of files. Using ``rnid``, it is possible to asymmetrically encrypt
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files and information for any destination hash, and also to create and verify
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cryptographic signatures.
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.. code:: text
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# Generate a new Identity
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rnid -g ./new_identity
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# Display Identity key information
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rnid -i ./new_identity -p
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Loaded Identity <984b74a3f768bef236af4371e6f248cd> from new_id
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Public Key : 0f4259fef4521ab75a3409e353fe9073eb10783b4912a6a9937c57bf44a62c1e
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Private Key : Hidden
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# Encrypt a file for an LXMF user
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rnid -i 8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695 -e my_file.txt
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Recalled Identity <bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c> for destination <8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695>
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Encrypting my_file.txt
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File my_file.txt encrypted for <bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c> to my_file.txt.rfe
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# If the Identity for the destination is not already known,
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# you can fetch it from the network by using the -R option
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rnid -R -i 30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9 -e my_file.txt
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Requesting unknown Identity for <30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9>...
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Received Identity <2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d> for destination <30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9> from the network
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Encrypting my_file.txt
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File my_file.txt encrypted for <2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d> to my_file.txt.rfe
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnid [-h] [--config path] [-i identity] [-g path] [-v] [-q] [-a aspects] [-H aspects] [-e path] [-d path] [-s path] [-V path] [-r path] [-w path] [-f] [-R] [-t seconds] [-p] [-P]
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[--version]
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Reticulum Identity & Encryption Utility
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options:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-i identity, --identity identity
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hexadecimal Reticulum Destination hash or path to Identity file
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-g path, --generate path
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generate a new Identity
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-v, --verbose increase verbosity
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-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
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-a aspects, --announce aspects
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announce a destination based on this Identity
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-H aspects, --hash aspects
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show destination hashes for other aspects for this Identity
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-e path, --encrypt path
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encrypt file
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-d path, --decrypt path
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decrypt file
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-s path, --sign path sign file
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-V path, --validate path
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validate signature
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-r path, --read path input file path
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-w path, --write path
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output file path
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-f, --force write output even if it overwrites existing files
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-R, --request request unknown Identities from the network
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-t seconds identity request timeout before giving up
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-p, --print-identity print identity info and exit
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-P, --print-private allow displaying private keys
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--version show program's version number and exit
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The rnpath Utility
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====================
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With the ``rnpath`` utility, you can look up and view paths for
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destinations on the Reticulum network.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnpath
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rnpath c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806
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# Example output
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Path found, destination <c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806> is 4 hops away via <f53a1c4278e0726bb73fcc623d6ce763> on TCPInterface[Testnet/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965]
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnpath [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-r] [-d] [-D] [-w seconds] [-v] [destination]
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Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
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positional arguments:
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destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-t, --table show all known paths
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-r, --rates show announce rate info
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-d, --drop remove the path to a destination
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-D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces
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-w seconds timeout before giving up
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-v, --verbose
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The rnprobe Utility
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====================
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The ``rnprobe`` utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
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to the ``ping`` program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
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specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
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destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnprobe
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rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708
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# Example output
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Sent 16 byte probe to <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708>
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Valid reply received from <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708>
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Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnprobe [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
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Reticulum Probe Utility
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positional arguments:
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full_name full destination name in dotted notation
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destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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The rncp Utility
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================
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The ``rncp`` utility is a simple file transfer tool. Using it, you can transfer
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files through Reticulum.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rncp on the receiving system, specifying which identities
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# are allowed to send files
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rncp --receive -a 1726dbad538775b5bf9b0ea25a4079c8 -a c50cc4e4f7838b6c31f60ab9032cbc62
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# From another system, copy a file to the receiving system
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rncp ~/path/to/file.tgz 73cbd378bb0286ed11a707c13447bb1e
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You can specify as many allowed senders as needed, or complete disable authentication.
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.. code:: text
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usage: rncp [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-p] [-r] [-b] [-a allowed_hash] [-n] [-w seconds] [--version] [file] [destination]
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Reticulum File Transfer Utility
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positional arguments:
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file file to be transferred
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destination hexadecimal hash of the receiver
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose increase verbosity
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-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
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-p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit
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-r, --receive wait for incoming files
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-b, --no-announce don't announce at program start
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-a allowed_hash accept from this identity
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-n, --no-auth accept files from anyone
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-w seconds sender timeout before giving up
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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The rnx Utility
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================
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The ``rnx`` utility is a basic remote command execution program. It allows you to
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execute commands on remote systems over Reticulum, and to view returned command
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output.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnx on the listening system, specifying which identities
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# are allowed to execute commands
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rnx --listen -a 941bed5e228775e5a8079fc38b1ccf3f -a 1b03013c25f1c2ca068a4f080b844a10
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# From another system, run a command
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rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 "cat /proc/cpuinfo"
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# Or enter the interactive mode pseudo-shell
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rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -x
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# The default identity file is stored in
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# ~/.reticulum/identities/rnx, but you can use
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# another one, which will be created if it does
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# not already exist
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rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -i /path/to/identity -x
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You can specify as many allowed senders as needed, or completely disable authentication.
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnx [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-p] [-l] [-i identity] [-x] [-b] [-a allowed_hash] [-n] [-N] [-d] [-m] [-w seconds] [-W seconds] [--stdin STDIN] [--stdout STDOUT] [--stderr STDERR] [--version]
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[destination] [command]
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Reticulum Remote Execution Utility
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positional arguments:
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destination hexadecimal hash of the listener
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command command to be execute
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose increase verbosity
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-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
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-p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit
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-l, --listen listen for incoming commands
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-i identity path to identity to use
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-x, --interactive enter interactive mode
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-b, --no-announce don't announce at program start
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-a allowed_hash accept from this identity
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-n, --noauth accept files from anyone
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-N, --noid don't identify to listener
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-d, --detailed show detailed result output
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-m mirror exit code of remote command
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-w seconds connect and request timeout before giving up
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-W seconds max result download time
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--stdin STDIN pass input to stdin
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--stdout STDOUT max size in bytes of returned stdout
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--stderr STDERR max size in bytes of returned stderr
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--version show program's version number and exit
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|
|
|
|
|
The rnodeconf Utility
|
|
=====================
|
|
|
|
The ``rnodeconf`` utility allows you to inspect and configure existing :ref:`RNodes<rnode-main>`, and
|
|
to create and provision new :ref:`RNodes<rnode-main>` from any supported hardware devices.
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
usage: rnodeconf [-h] [-i] [-a] [-u] [-U] [--fw-version version] [--nocheck] [-C] [-N] [-T] [-b] [-B] [-p] [--freq Hz] [--bw Hz] [--txp dBm] [--sf factor] [--cr rate] [--eeprom-backup] [--eeprom-dump] [--eeprom-wipe] [--version] [port]
|
|
|
|
RNode Configuration and firmware utility. This program allows you to change various settings and startup modes of RNode. It can also install, flash and update the firmware on supported devices.
|
|
|
|
positional arguments:
|
|
port serial port where RNode is attached
|
|
|
|
options:
|
|
-h, --help show this help message and exit
|
|
-i, --info Show device info
|
|
-a, --autoinstall Automatic installation on various supported devices
|
|
-u, --update Update firmware to the latest version
|
|
-U, --force-update Update to specified firmware even if version matches or is older than installed version
|
|
--fw-version version Use a specific firmware version for update or autoinstall
|
|
--nocheck Don't check for firmware updates online
|
|
-e, --extract Extract firmware from connected RNode for later use
|
|
-E, --use-extracted Use the extracted firmware for autoinstallation or update
|
|
-C, --clear-cache Clear locally cached firmware files
|
|
-N, --normal Switch device to normal mode
|
|
-T, --tnc Switch device to TNC mode
|
|
-b, --bluetooth-on Turn device bluetooth on
|
|
-B, --bluetooth-off Turn device bluetooth off
|
|
-p, --bluetooth-pair Put device into bluetooth pairing mode
|
|
--freq Hz Frequency in Hz for TNC mode
|
|
--bw Hz Bandwidth in Hz for TNC mode
|
|
--txp dBm TX power in dBm for TNC mode
|
|
--sf factor Spreading factor for TNC mode (7 - 12)
|
|
--cr rate Coding rate for TNC mode (5 - 8)
|
|
--eeprom-backup Backup EEPROM to file
|
|
--eeprom-dump Dump EEPROM to console
|
|
--eeprom-wipe Unlock and wipe EEPROM
|
|
--version Print program version and exit
|
|
|
|
For more information on how to create your own RNodes, please read the :ref:`Creating RNodes<rnode-creating>`
|
|
section of this manual.
|
|
|
|
Improving System Configuration
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
|
|
few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
|
|
These changes will be detailed here.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed Serial Port Names
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
|
|
beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead
|
|
of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as ``/dev/ttyUSB0``. Under most
|
|
Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
|
|
can be found under ``/dev/serial/by-id``.
|
|
|
|
You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
|
|
Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
|
|
type = KISSInterface
|
|
interface_enabled = True
|
|
outgoing = true
|
|
port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
|
|
speed = 115200
|
|
databits = 8
|
|
parity = none
|
|
stopbits = 1
|
|
preamble = 150
|
|
txtail = 10
|
|
persistence = 200
|
|
slottime = 20
|
|
|
|
Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
|
|
might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name
|
|
assignment varies from one boot to another.
|
|
|
|
.. _using-systemd:
|
|
|
|
Reticulum as a System Service
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install ``rnsd`` as a system
|
|
service and have it start automatically at boot.
|
|
|
|
If you installed Reticulum with ``pip``, the ``rnsd`` program will most likely
|
|
be located in a user-local installation path only, which means ``systemd`` will not
|
|
be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the ``rnsd`` program
|
|
into a directory that is in systemd's path:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
|
|
|
|
You can then create the service file ``/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service`` with the
|
|
following content:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
[Unit]
|
|
Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
|
|
After=multi-user.target
|
|
|
|
[Service]
|
|
# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
|
|
# or other devices that need some extra
|
|
# time to initialise, you might want to
|
|
# add a short delay before Reticulum is
|
|
# started by systemd:
|
|
# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
|
|
Type=simple
|
|
Restart=always
|
|
RestartSec=3
|
|
User=USERNAMEHERE
|
|
ExecStart=rnsd --service
|
|
|
|
[Install]
|
|
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
|
|
|
Be sure to replace ``USERNAMEHERE`` with the user you want to run ``rnsd`` as.
|
|
|
|
To manually start ``rnsd`` run:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
sudo systemctl start rnsd
|
|
|
|
If you want to automatically start ``rnsd`` at boot, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: text
|
|
|
|
sudo systemctl enable rnsd
|