kopia lustrzana https://github.com/micropython/micropython
241 wiersze
7.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
241 wiersze
7.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _quickref:
|
|
|
|
Quick reference for the ESP8266
|
|
===============================
|
|
|
|
.. image:: https://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/028/689/medium640/adafruit_products_pinoutstop.jpg
|
|
:alt: Adafruit Feather HUZZAH board
|
|
:width: 640px
|
|
|
|
The Adafruit Feather HUZZAH board (image attribution: Adafruit).
|
|
|
|
General board control
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
Tab-completion is useful to find out what methods an object has.
|
|
Paste mode (ctrl-E) is useful to paste a large slab of Python code into
|
|
the REPL.
|
|
|
|
The ``machine`` module::
|
|
|
|
import machine
|
|
|
|
machine.freq() # get the current frequency of the CPU
|
|
machine.freq(160000000) # set the CPU frequency to 160 MHz
|
|
|
|
The ``esp`` module::
|
|
|
|
import esp
|
|
|
|
esp.osdebug(None) # turn off vendor O/S debugging messages
|
|
esp.osdebug(0) # redirect vendor O/S debugging messages to UART(0)
|
|
|
|
Networking
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
The ``network`` module::
|
|
|
|
import network
|
|
|
|
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) # create station interface
|
|
wlan.active(True) # activate the interface
|
|
wlan.scan() # scan for access points
|
|
wlan.isconnected() # check if the station is connected to an AP
|
|
wlan.connect('essid', 'password') # connect to an AP
|
|
wlan.mac() # get the interface's MAC adddress
|
|
wlan.ifconfig() # get the interface's IP/netmask/gw/DNS addresses
|
|
|
|
ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF) # create access-point interface
|
|
ap.active(True) # activate the interface
|
|
ap.config(essid='ESP-AP') # set the ESSID of the access point
|
|
|
|
A useful function for connecting to your local WiFi network is::
|
|
|
|
def do_connect():
|
|
import network
|
|
wlan = network.WLAN(wlan.STA_IF)
|
|
wlan.active(True)
|
|
if not wlan.isconnected():
|
|
print('connecting to network...')
|
|
wlan.connect('essid', 'password')
|
|
while not wlan.isconnected():
|
|
pass
|
|
print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig())
|
|
|
|
Once the network is established the ``socket`` module can be used
|
|
to create and use TCP/UDP sockets as usual.
|
|
|
|
Delay and timing
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Use the ``time`` module::
|
|
|
|
import time
|
|
|
|
time.sleep(1) # sleep for 1 second
|
|
time.sleep_ms(500) # sleep for 500 milliseconds
|
|
time.sleep_us(10) # sleep for 10 microseconds
|
|
start = time.ticks_ms() # get millisecond counter
|
|
delta = time.ticks_diff(start, time.ticks_ms()) # compute time difference
|
|
|
|
Timers
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Use the ``machine.Timer`` class::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Timer
|
|
|
|
tim = Timer(0)
|
|
tim.init(period=5000, mode=Timer.ONE_SHOT, callback=lambda t:print(1))
|
|
tim.init(period=2000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t:print(2))
|
|
|
|
The period is in milliseconds.
|
|
|
|
Pins and GPIO
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
Use the ``machine.Pin`` class::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin
|
|
|
|
p0 = Pin(0, Pin.OUT) # create output pin on GPIO0
|
|
p0.high() # set pin to high
|
|
p0.low() # set pin to low
|
|
p0.value(1) # set pin to high
|
|
|
|
p2 = Pin(2, Pin.IN) # create input pin on GPIO2
|
|
print(p2.value()) # get value, 0 or 1
|
|
|
|
p4 = Pin(4, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # enable internal pull-up resistor
|
|
p5 = Pin(5, Pin.OUT, value=1) # set pin high on creation
|
|
|
|
Available pins are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
|
|
Note that Pin(1) and Pin(3) are REPL UART TX and RX respectively.
|
|
|
|
PWM (pulse width modulation)
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
PWM can be enabled on all pins except Pin(16). There is a single frequency
|
|
for all channels, with range between 1 and 1000 (measured in Hz). The duty
|
|
cycle is between 0 and 1023 inclusive.
|
|
|
|
Use the ``machine.PWM`` class::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin, PWM
|
|
|
|
pwm0 = PWM(Pin(0)) # create PWM object from a pin
|
|
pwm0.freq() # get current frequency
|
|
pwm0.freq(1000) # set frequency
|
|
pwm0.duty() # get current duty cycle
|
|
pwm0.duty(200) # set duty cycle
|
|
pwm0.deinit() # turn off PWM on the pin
|
|
|
|
pwm2 = PWM(Pin(2), freq=500, duty=512) # create and configure in one go
|
|
|
|
ADC (analog to digital conversion)
|
|
----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
ADC is available on a dedicated pin.
|
|
Note that input voltages on the ADC pin must be between 0v and 1.0v.
|
|
|
|
Use the ``machine.ADC`` class::
|
|
|
|
from machine import ADC
|
|
|
|
adc = ADC(0) # create ADC object on ADC pin
|
|
adc.read() # read value, 0-1024
|
|
|
|
SPI bus
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The SPI driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin, SPI
|
|
|
|
# construct an SPI bus on the given pins
|
|
# polarity is the idle state of SCK
|
|
# phase=0 means sample on the first edge of SCK, phase=1 means the second
|
|
spi = SPI(baudrate=100000, polarity=1, phase=0, sck=Pin(0), mosi=Pin(2), miso=Pin(4))
|
|
|
|
spi.init(baudrate=200000) # set the baudrate
|
|
|
|
spi.read(10) # read 10 bytes on MISO
|
|
spi.read(10, 0xff) # read 10 bytes while outputing 0xff on MOSI
|
|
|
|
buf = bytearray(50) # create a buffer
|
|
spi.readinto(buf) # read into the given buffer (reads 50 bytes in this case)
|
|
spi.readinto(buf, 0xff) # read into the given buffer and output 0xff on MOSI
|
|
|
|
spi.write(b'12345') # write 5 bytes on MOSI
|
|
|
|
buf = bytearray(4) # create a buffer
|
|
spi.write_readinto(b'1234', buf) # write to MOSI and read from MISO into the buffer
|
|
spi.write_readinto(buf, buf) # write buf to MOSI and read MISO back into buf
|
|
|
|
I2C bus
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The I2C driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin, I2C
|
|
|
|
# construct an I2C bus
|
|
i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(5), sda=Pin(4), freq=100000)
|
|
|
|
i2c.writeto(0x3a, '12') # write '12' to slave device with address 0x3a
|
|
|
|
buf = bytearray(10) # create a buffer with 10 bytes
|
|
i2c.writeto(0x3a, buf) # write the given buffer to the slave
|
|
|
|
i2c.writeto(0x3a, buf, stop=False) # don't send a stop bit after writing
|
|
|
|
OneWire driver
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
The OneWire driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin
|
|
import onewire
|
|
|
|
ow = onewire.OneWire(Pin(12)) # create a OneWire bus on GPIO12
|
|
ow.scan() # return a list of devices on the bus
|
|
ow.reset() # reset the bus
|
|
ow.read_byte() # read a byte
|
|
ow.read_bytes(5) # read 5 bytes
|
|
ow.write_byte(0x12) # write a byte on the bus
|
|
ow.write_bytes('123') # write bytes on the bus
|
|
ow.select_rom(b'12345678') # select a specific device by its ROM code
|
|
|
|
There is a specific driver for DS18B20 devices::
|
|
|
|
import time
|
|
ds = onewire.DS18B20(ow)
|
|
roms = ds.scan()
|
|
ds.start_measure()
|
|
time.sleep_ms(750)
|
|
for rom in roms:
|
|
print(ds.get_temp(rom))
|
|
|
|
Be sure to put a 4.7k pull-up resistor on the data line.
|
|
|
|
NeoPixel driver
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
Use the ``neopixel`` module::
|
|
|
|
from machine import Pin
|
|
import neopixel
|
|
|
|
pin = Pin(0, Pin.OUT) # set GPIO0 to output to drive NeoPixels
|
|
np = NeoPixel(pin, 8) # create NeoPixel driver on GPIO0 for 8 pixels
|
|
np[0] = (255, 255, 255) # set the first pixel to white
|
|
np.write() # write data to all pixels
|
|
r, g, b = np[0] # get first pixel colour
|
|
|
|
neopixel.demo(np) # run a demo
|
|
|
|
For low-level driving of a NeoPixel::
|
|
|
|
import esp
|
|
esp.neopixel_write(pin, grb_buf, is800khz)
|