diff --git a/py/objarray.c b/py/objarray.c
index c27366d720..2f1f68d81a 100644
--- a/py/objarray.c
+++ b/py/objarray.c
@@ -258,6 +258,16 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t array_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t o_in) {
     }
 }
 
+STATIC int typecode_for_comparison(int typecode) {
+    if (typecode == BYTEARRAY_TYPECODE) {
+        typecode = 'B';
+    }
+    if (typecode <= 'Z') {
+        typecode += 32; // to lowercase
+    }
+    return typecode;
+}
+
 STATIC mp_obj_t array_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs_in, mp_obj_t rhs_in) {
     mp_obj_array_t *lhs = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(lhs_in);
     switch (op) {
@@ -319,7 +329,20 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t array_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs_in, mp_obj_t rhs
             if (!mp_get_buffer(rhs_in, &rhs_bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_READ)) {
                 return mp_const_false;
             }
-            return mp_obj_new_bool(mp_seq_cmp_bytes(op, lhs_bufinfo.buf, lhs_bufinfo.len, rhs_bufinfo.buf, rhs_bufinfo.len));
+            // mp_seq_cmp_bytes is used so only compatible representations can be correctly compared.
+            // The type doesn't matter: array/bytearray/str/bytes all have the same buffer layout, so
+            // just check if the typecodes are compatible; for testing equality the types should have the
+            // same code except for signedness, and not be floating point because nan never equals nan.
+            // Note that typecode_for_comparison always returns lowercase letters to save code size.
+            // No need for (& TYPECODE_MASK) here: xxx_get_buffer already takes care of that.
+            const int lhs_code = typecode_for_comparison(lhs_bufinfo.typecode);
+            const int rhs_code = typecode_for_comparison(rhs_bufinfo.typecode);
+            if (lhs_code == rhs_code && lhs_code != 'f' && lhs_code != 'd') {
+                return mp_obj_new_bool(mp_seq_cmp_bytes(op, lhs_bufinfo.buf, lhs_bufinfo.len, rhs_bufinfo.buf, rhs_bufinfo.len));
+            }
+            // mp_obj_equal_not_equal treats returning MP_OBJ_NULL as 'fall back to pointer comparison'
+            // for MP_BINARY_OP_EQUAL but that is incompatible with CPython.
+            mp_raise_NotImplementedError(NULL);
         }
 
         default:
diff --git a/tests/basics/array1.py b/tests/basics/array1.py
index 5b3f475786..15789e2c99 100644
--- a/tests/basics/array1.py
+++ b/tests/basics/array1.py
@@ -41,14 +41,23 @@ except ValueError:
 # equality (CPython requires both sides are array)
 print(bytes(array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63])) == b'abc')
 print(array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]) == b'abc')
+print(array.array('B', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]) == b'abc')
 print(array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]) != b'abc')
 print(array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]) == b'xyz')
 print(array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]) != b'xyz')
 print(b'abc' == array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]))
+print(b'abc' == array.array('B', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]))
 print(b'abc' != array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]))
 print(b'xyz' == array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]))
 print(b'xyz' != array.array('b', [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]))
 
+compatible_typecodes = []
+for t in ["b", "h", "i", "l", "q"]:
+  compatible_typecodes.append((t, t))
+  compatible_typecodes.append((t, t.upper()))
+for a, b in compatible_typecodes:
+  print(array.array(a, [1, 2]) == array.array(b, [1, 2]))
+
 class X(array.array):
     pass
 
diff --git a/tests/basics/array_micropython.py b/tests/basics/array_micropython.py
index 6b3dc7a93b..44dc1d83d8 100644
--- a/tests/basics/array_micropython.py
+++ b/tests/basics/array_micropython.py
@@ -17,3 +17,15 @@ print(a[0])
 a = array.array('P')
 a.append(1)
 print(a[0])
+
+# comparison between mismatching binary layouts is not implemented
+typecodes = ["b", "h", "i", "l", "q", "P", "O", "S", "f", "d"]
+for a in typecodes:
+    for b in typecodes:
+        if a == b and a not in ["f", "d"]:
+            continue
+        try:
+            array.array(a) == array.array(b)
+            print('FAIL')
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
diff --git a/tests/cpydiff/module_array_comparison.py b/tests/cpydiff/module_array_comparison.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a442af3f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cpydiff/module_array_comparison.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+categories: Modules,array
+description: Comparison between different typecodes not supported
+cause: Code size
+workaround: Compare individual elements
+"""
+import array
+
+array.array("b", [1, 2]) == array.array("i", [1, 2])