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class=md-nav__link> Introduction </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../FAQ/ class=md-nav__link> FAQ </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle=__nav_3 type=checkbox id=__nav_3 checked> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3> General <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav aria-label=General data-md-level=1> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> General </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../container-execution/ class=md-nav__link> Container Execution </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle=toc type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> Docker Containers: 101 <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> Docker Containers: 101 </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-do-i-need-to-know class=md-nav__link> What do I need to know? </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#key-terminology class=md-nav__link> Key Terminology </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#key-concepts class=md-nav__link> Key Concepts </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../running-our-containers/ class=md-nav__link> Running LinuxServer Containers </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../container-customization/ class=md-nav__link> Customizing LinuxServer Containers </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../docker-compose/ class=md-nav__link> Docker Compose </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../understanding-puid-and-pgid/ class=md-nav__link> Understanding PUID and PGID </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../updating-our-containers/ class=md-nav__link> Updating our containers </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../volumes/ class=md-nav__link> Volumes </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../fleet/ class=md-nav__link> Fleet </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../swag/ class=md-nav__link> Swag </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../awesome-lsio/ class=md-nav__link> Awesome LSIO </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle=__nav_4 type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4> Images <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav aria-label=Images data-md-level=1> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Images </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-adguardhome-sync/ class=md-nav__link> adguardhome-sync </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-airsonic-advanced/ class=md-nav__link> airsonic-advanced </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-airsonic/ class=md-nav__link> airsonic </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-apprise-api/ class=md-nav__link> apprise-api </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-babybuddy/ class=md-nav__link> babybuddy </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-bazarr/ class=md-nav__link> bazarr </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-beets/ class=md-nav__link> beets </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-blender/ class=md-nav__link> blender </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-boinc/ class=md-nav__link> boinc </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-booksonic-air/ class=md-nav__link> booksonic-air </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-booksonic/ class=md-nav__link> booksonic </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-bookstack/ class=md-nav__link> bookstack </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-budge/ class=md-nav__link> budge </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-calibre-web/ class=md-nav__link> calibre-web </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-calibre/ class=md-nav__link> calibre </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-cardigann/ class=md-nav__link> linuxserver/cardigann </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-changedetection.io/ class=md-nav__link> changedetection.io </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-chevereto/ class=md-nav__link> chevereto </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-clarkson/ class=md-nav__link> clarkson </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-cloud9/ class=md-nav__link> cloud9 </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-code-server/ class=md-nav__link> code-server </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-codiad/ class=md-nav__link> linuxserver/codiad </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-codimd/ class=md-nav__link> [linuxserver/codimd](https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-codimd) </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-cops/ class=md-nav__link> cops </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-couchpotato/ class=md-nav__link> couchpotato </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-daapd/ class=md-nav__link> daapd </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-darktable/ class=md-nav__link> darktable </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-davos/ class=md-nav__link> davos </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-ddclient/ class=md-nav__link> ddclient </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-deluge/ class=md-nav__link> deluge </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-digikam/ class=md-nav__link> digikam </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-dillinger/ class=md-nav__link> dillinger </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-diskover/ class=md-nav__link> diskover </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-docker-compose/ class=md-nav__link> docker-compose </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-dokuwiki/ class=md-nav__link> dokuwiki </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-domoticz/ class=md-nav__link> domoticz </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-doplarr/ class=md-nav__link> doplarr </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-doublecommander/ class=md-nav__link> doublecommander </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-duckdns/ class=md-nav__link> duckdns </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-duplicati/ class=md-nav__link> duplicati </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-emby/ class=md-nav__link> emby </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-embystat/ class=md-nav__link> embystat </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-emulatorjs/ class=md-nav__link> emulatorjs </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-endlessh/ class=md-nav__link> endlessh </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-fail2ban/ class=md-nav__link> fail2ban </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-feed2toot/ class=md-nav__link> feed2toot </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-ffmpeg/ class=md-nav__link> ffmpeg </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-filezilla/ class=md-nav__link> filezilla </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-firefox/ class=md-nav__link> firefox </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-fleet/ class=md-nav__link> fleet </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-foldingathome/ class=md-nav__link> foldingathome </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-freshrss/ class=md-nav__link> freshrss </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-grav/ class=md-nav__link> grav </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-grocy/ class=md-nav__link> grocy </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-guacd/ class=md-nav__link> guacd </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-habridge/ class=md-nav__link> habridge </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-headphones/ class=md-nav__link> headphones </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-healthchecks/ class=md-nav__link> healthchecks </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-hedgedoc/ class=md-nav__link> hedgedoc </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-heimdall/ class=md-nav__link> heimdall </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-homeassistant/ class=md-nav__link> homeassistant </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-htpcmanager/ class=md-nav__link> htpcmanager </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-hydra/ class=md-nav__link> [linuxserver/hydra](https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-hydra) </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-ipfs/ class=md-nav__link> ipfs </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-jackett/ class=md-nav__link> jackett </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-jellyfin/ class=md-nav__link> jellyfin </a> </li> <li 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class=md-nav__link> limnoria </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-lychee/ class=md-nav__link> lychee </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-mariadb/ class=md-nav__link> mariadb </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-mastodon/ class=md-nav__link> mastodon </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-medusa/ class=md-nav__link> medusa </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-minetest/ class=md-nav__link> minetest </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-minisatip/ class=md-nav__link> minisatip </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-mstream/ class=md-nav__link> mstream </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-muximux/ class=md-nav__link> muximux </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../images/docker-mysql-workbench/ class=md-nav__link> mysql-workbench </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a 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class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav aria-label=Misc data-md-level=1> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Misc </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../misc/finances/ class=md-nav__link> Finances </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-do-i-need-to-know class=md-nav__link> What do I need to know? </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#key-terminology class=md-nav__link> Key Terminology </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#key-concepts class=md-nav__link> Key Concepts </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=docker-containers-101>Docker Containers: 101</h1> <p>A container bundles all the libraries required by an application to run, you no longer need to know which version of Java, Apache or whatever – the person who built the container for you took care of that. Containers don’t usually ship with configuration files baked in though. This is because the contents of a container are ‘stateless’ or ‘immutable’. In English, this means the state or filesystem of the container itself cannot be modified after it is created.</p> <h2 id=what-do-i-need-to-know>What do I need to know?</h2> <p>To get started, not much. You will need to know about some of the terminology or concepts when performing more advanced tasks or troubleshooting but getting started couldn't be much simpler.</p> <pre><code class=language-bash>docker run hello-world
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</code></pre> <p>That's it, your first docker container. It pre-supposes you have <a href=https://github.com/IronicBadger/til/blob/master/docker/yum-apt-repos-docker.md>docker installed</a> but that's all it takes to run a container. You didn't need to know anything about installed what that app needed to run - this is the key benefit. <code>hello-world</code> is a simple example but imagine you have a complex application with a large number of dependencies and it is tied to a specific version of Python or Java. Then imagine you have a second app again tied to a specific, but different, version of Java or Python. Now you have to try and ensure these two (often conflicting) versions sit on the same host and play nice. In the world of containers these two versions can operate in complete isolation from one another. Bliss.</p> <h2 id=key-terminology>Key Terminology</h2> <p>There are a few terms you might find useful to understand when working with containers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>docker</strong> - the first, and most popular, container runtime - it sits as an abstraction layer between the kernels features such as cgroups or namespaces and running applications</li> <li><strong>container</strong> - a sandboxed process isolated in memory and running instance of an image</li> <li><strong>image</strong> - a pre-built filesystem in a format ready to be understood by a container runtime (usually docker)</li> <li><strong>volume</strong> - use volumes to persist data outside of the containers sandboxed filesystem</li> <li><strong>environment</strong> - a way of configuring the sandboxed environment your container runs in</li> </ul> <h2 id=key-concepts>Key Concepts</h2> <p>Containers are completely sandboxed environments by the Linux kernel. It may help you to think of them <em>somewhat</em> like a small VM however in practice this is largely false. The Linux kernel controls access to various system resources utilising control groups (cgroups). We rely on docker to translate these complex concepts into simple ones that users can understand and consume.</p> <p>By default a running container has absolutely no context of the world around it. Out the box you cannot connect from the outside world to the running webservers on ports 80 and 443 below. To allow entry to the sandbox from the outside world we must explicitly allow entry using the <code>-p</code> flag.</p> <pre><code class=language-bash>docker run -d --name=letsencrypt -p 80:80 -p 443:443 linuxserver/letsencrypt
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</code></pre> <p>Take this concept and multiply it across all aspects of a running application. Ports, volumes (i.e. the files you want to be available inside the container from outside the container), environment variables and so on. For us as developers this allows us to isolate your system from troubleshooting as the box the container is running in (the container) is identical to the next.</p> <p>Containers are an amazing way to run applications in a secure, sandboxed way.</p> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../container-execution/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Container Execution" rel=prev> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> Container Execution </div> </div> </a> <a href=../running-our-containers/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Running LinuxServer Containers" rel=next> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> Running LinuxServer Containers </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2022 LinuxServer.io </div> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/linuxserver target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - 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