chasemapper/chasemapper/atmosphere.py

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4.3 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Project Horus - Atmosphere / Descent Rate Modelling
#
# Copyright (C) 2018 Mark Jessop <vk5qi@rfhead.net>
# Released under GNU GPL v3 or later
#
import math
def getDensity(altitude):
"""
Calculate the atmospheric density for a given altitude in metres.
This is a direct port of the oziplotter Atmosphere class
"""
# Constants
airMolWeight = 28.9644 # Molecular weight of air
densitySL = 1.225 # Density at sea level [kg/m3]
pressureSL = 101325 # Pressure at sea level [Pa]
temperatureSL = 288.15 # Temperature at sea level [deg K]
gamma = 1.4
gravity = 9.80665 # Acceleration of gravity [m/s2]
tempGrad = -0.0065 # Temperature gradient [deg K/m]
RGas = 8.31432 # Gas constant [kg/Mol/K]
R = 287.053
deltaTemperature = 0.0
# Lookup Tables
altitudes = [0, 11000, 20000, 32000, 47000, 51000, 71000, 84852]
pressureRels = [
1,
2.23361105092158e-1,
5.403295010784876e-2,
8.566678359291667e-3,
1.0945601337771144e-3,
6.606353132858367e-4,
3.904683373343926e-5,
3.6850095235747942e-6,
]
temperatures = [288.15, 216.65, 216.65, 228.65, 270.65, 270.65, 214.65, 186.946]
tempGrads = [-6.5, 0, 1, 2.8, 0, -2.8, -2, 0]
gMR = gravity * airMolWeight / RGas
# Pick a region to work in
i = 0
if altitude > 0:
while altitude > altitudes[i + 1]:
i = i + 1
# Lookup based on region
baseTemp = temperatures[i]
tempGrad = tempGrads[i] / 1000.0
pressureRelBase = pressureRels[i]
deltaAltitude = altitude - altitudes[i]
temperature = baseTemp + tempGrad * deltaAltitude
# Calculate relative pressure
if math.fabs(tempGrad) < 1e-10:
pressureRel = pressureRelBase * math.exp(
-1 * gMR * deltaAltitude / 1000.0 / baseTemp
)
else:
pressureRel = pressureRelBase * math.pow(
baseTemp / temperature, gMR / tempGrad / 1000.0
)
# Add temperature offset
temperature = temperature + deltaTemperature
# Finally, work out the density...
speedOfSound = math.sqrt(gamma * R * temperature)
pressure = pressureRel * pressureSL
density = densitySL * pressureRel * temperatureSL / temperature
return density
def seaLevelDescentRate(descent_rate, altitude):
""" Calculate the descent rate at sea level, for a given descent rate at altitude """
rho = getDensity(altitude)
return math.sqrt((rho / 1.225) * math.pow(descent_rate, 2))
def time_to_landing(
current_altitude, current_descent_rate=-5.0, ground_asl=0.0, step_size=1
):
""" Calculate an estimated time to landing (in seconds) of a payload, based on its current altitude and descent rate """
# A few checks on the input data.
if current_descent_rate > 0.0:
# If we are still ascending, return none.
return None
if current_altitude <= ground_asl:
# If the current altitude is *below* ground level, we have landed.
return 0
# Calculate the sea level descent rate.
_desc_rate = math.fabs(seaLevelDescentRate(current_descent_rate, current_altitude))
_drag_coeff = (
_desc_rate * 1.106797
) # Multiply descent rate by square root of sea-level air density (1.225).
_alt = current_altitude
_start_time = 0
# Now step through the flight in <step_size> second steps.
# Once the altitude is below our ground level, stop, and return the elapsed time.
while _alt >= ground_asl:
_alt += step_size * -1 * (_drag_coeff / math.sqrt(getDensity(_alt)))
_start_time += step_size
return _start_time
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Test Cases
_altitudes = [1000, 10000, 30000, 1000, 10000, 30000]
_rates = [-10.0, -10.0, -10.0, -30.0, -30.0, -30.0]
for i in range(len(_altitudes)):
print("Altitude: %d m, Rate: %.2f m/s" % (_altitudes[i], _rates[i]))
print("Density: %.5f" % getDensity(_altitudes[i]))
print(
"Sea Level Descent Rate: %.2f m/s"
% seaLevelDescentRate(_rates[i], _altitudes[i])
)
_landing = time_to_landing(_altitudes[i], _rates[i])
_landing_min = _landing // 60
_landing_sec = _landing % 60
print(
"Time to landing: %d sec, %s:%s " % (_landing, _landing_min, _landing_sec)
)
print("")